Earthquake Test- Building Better Homes -- Improving Structural Engineering with Earthquake Simulator

Improving Structural Engineering with Earthquake Simulator January 1, 2007 — To develop designs that can survive extreme seismic events, and to devise retrofit solutions for older homes, civil engineers who specialize in structural design test realistic models of homes in earthquake simulators. They place the homes on two adjacent shake tables designed to move in three directions, creating realistic earthquake motions. Cameras and accelerometers measure the rate of movement. BUFFALO, NY -- Homes are made to withstand the test of time. But the ultimate test is one that can survive a large-scale earthquake. And simulating an earthquake in a lab helps improve homes in real quake zones. Most people don't ever want to experience an earthquake. "I experienced a very strong earthquake in 1997 in Athens," Ioannis Christovasilis, an Earthquake Structures Graduate Student at University at Buffalo in NY, tells DBIS. "I was a little bit frightened, yes." University at Buffalo Structural Engineer Andre Filiatrault says, "We had an aftershock, maybe a magnitude five ... That was pretty dicey. You felt the shaking work up." But today, Filiatrault is eager to watch an earthquake simulator shake this house to a magnitude 6.7 quake. The full-scale, fully furnished home is built like many in earthquake zones, but prone to damage. The test shows how much shaking a wood home can endure. Filiatrault says, "We shook this building past its so-called design level. We shook it to an extreme event ...

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Architectural Drawings | Structural Designing

Structural Designing is an integral part of engineering who deals with analyzing and designing of the structures. Basically it is believed that it has specialty in civil engineering. Structural Designing has number of purposes: to develop designs into proposals, creating ideas and concepts and to satisfy our customers. They are mostly engaged in designing buildings and non-building structures but they can also be involved in the machinery, medical instruments & vehicles. Structural Drawings should be modified as per demands of the customers and the buildings are made to that strength which could endure the massive loads, changing climate and natural disasters.

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Structural Drafting Design, 2D drafting for quicker outputs

Structural drafting and drawings is playing crucial role in any type of building construction. Anyone related with structural industry must be aware with structural drafting and design. Structural engineers and draftsmen develop designs and drawings by analyzing technical aspects and requirements. In the modern time software like AutoCAD made it more flexible.  Professional draftsmen need scanned images or handmade sketches and plans to draft so in other way you can save your time and cost.
At present time all countries are seeking faster infrastructure growth. To satisfy this purpose structural industry has introduced new innovations time by time. One of the greater inventions is structural 2D drafting. 2 Dimensional technique is provide better outputs with more accuracy and widely used for various type of building construction like residential, commercial, institutional, industrial and other high rise structures like sky scrapers. It is never easy to draft high rise building's sketches but 2 Dimensional technologies have made it easier and quicker.
Models of structure design and drafting can be easily manipulated by using CAD design and drafting which takes long time by making manually. So it save time and cost and help structural engineers to handle complex projects with more flexibility. It also provides better options for future building's view. This term can improve value of any structure if it has been completed with more accuracy.
Professional draftsmen help civil engineers and structural engineers to get technical drawings of purposed building by following international standards and codes. For more accurate building professional structural firms have introduced important protocols must be followed by every structural organization. Draftsmen carry out cost estimation, calculation and research prior to crafting designs. Drafted technical drawings show every detail of the structure and material to be used in structure.
Find main points of structural design drafting services described as below:
•    Shallow, deep, machine and Foundation Plan Drawings
•    Sheet pile foundation drawings
•    Roof truss and joist details
•    Pre stressed structure drawings
•    Staircase detailing
•    Floor and roof framing
If you are new in outsourcing industry and need resource to boost up your outsourcing business then structural drafting can be more beneficial for you.
If you need to get instant quotes for structural drafting then email at info@structuralcaddservices.com
View more information at http://www.structuralcaddservices.com/structural-2d-drafting.php

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Things Need To Consider In Trusses Inspection For Civil And Structural Engineer

When the design of trusses has been approved from engineer, trusses fabrication will commence. Upon completion of fabrication, trusses will deliver to site for construction. As a civil and structural engineer, one of the duties of engineer is to inspect the trusses.
Engineer has to ensure the trusses has been construction according to design drawing.

After trusses deliver to site, site agent or engineer needs to verify the quality of timber product. Timber has to be treated to avoid attack by termite. Normally the color of pressure treated wood is in green color. Whenever a section of timber is being cut, it will show that the green color will penetrate into certain depth of timber. Certificate of treated timber must be obtained from timber supplier. It needs for record purpose.

Then timber trusses have to check on the timber defect such as rotten timber, damage timber. Any defect found must be rejected immediately. The checking on timber is done by visual inspection. Whenever timber quality not to satisfaction, engineer can request for sample testing to any approved laboratory.

Timber sizing is important. Engineer needs to check the timber sizes. It to ensure that the sizes provided are according to trusses design sizes. It can carry out by using measuring tape. Sometime, it is impossible to insect every single item of timber. Therefore, engineer has to base on his best knowledge to have random sampling inspection. One of the ways is to inspection on the critical trusses such as big truss.

Engineer needs to check on trusses connection. There are two types of connection. First is gang nail plate and conventional bolts and nuts. For the later case, engineer must visually inspection the bolt holes. It is common that contractor simply drill holes for bolts. Unfortunately, some inexperience contractor drills the hole just near to edge of timber member (5-10mm from edge of member). This hole will easy loosen out from timber and affect the integrity of timber truss structure. The position of bolt holes on timber is important. It must according to trusses design.

Before erection of trusses to roof structure such as roof beams, the level of roof beams has to adjust to allow trusses to rest on roof beams. Inconsistency of roof level has to avoid.

After the trusses have been erected up to roof structure, engineer must ensure that the vertically of trusses have been achieved. Position of trusses such as trusses spacing must according to design drawing. Trusses supports are important. As for example, if a truss has four supports, engineer has to ensure that these four supports have been installed. It to ensure that roof loading has been transferred to roof structure. If roof level is inconsistency; in order to achieve supports condition for truss, some irresponsible contractor will use small element such as broken timber to insert between timber truss and roof structure. It is not a permanent structure. After the trusses have been erected, the broken timber will be loosen some days.

Truss to truss connection must has special precaution. Trusses have to connect by using MS plate or other proper structure. Nailing has to avoid in trusses.

Any change in timber structure arrangement need to has attention of designer. Do not allow any modification of trusses without approval from design office.

Whenever there is some dispute at site cannot be resolved, try to work it out at office. If contractor at site do not want to follow engineer instruction, do not argue with contractor. Else it may end up with quarrel; sometime with fighting. Therefore, leave the site immediately.

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Utilization of Structural Design in Structural Engineering

Structural design is one of the most important parts in structural engineering. Structural engineering is used in large number of industrial areas. These areas include construction of residential buildings, dams, shop designing etc. Here structural design plays a vital role to accomplish these tasks effortlessly.

It can be identified as a process used for construction of buildings or other structures. In this process, "engineering mechanics" is used so that these structures can resist load. Structural design mainly focuses on giving them maximum stability. Now when the structural design gets completed, one will have a feasible solution in the form of a secure and economic designed structure.

Structural design needs great amount of planning and concentration. Structural/Civil engineers deeply observe the situation and make a strategy in order to make structures strong enough to withstand loads and other external forces. They plan it according to engineering mechanics and give these structures strong integrity and safety. Some of the main areas of concern are:

o Stability against loads/external forces
o Reliability/Safety
o Strength/Potential.

In structural engineering, structural design is responsible for building's support. It takes care of building parts like:

o Beams
o Walls
o Columns, Floors etc.

Then it simply calculates how to maximize the strength of a building structure by utilizing available materials. It also takes care of what factors can affect the strength of the buildings.

Now the next step is to decide which construction technique should be used. This construction technique should be unique, easy to implement and economic. Also it should follow safety measures of the construction industry. If implemented properly, it saves ample of time and thus helps your business do better and better.

This is how structural design is used in structural engineering. It simply uses structural and civil engineering concepts and makes buildings/structures strong and accurate enough for business purpose.

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