Lec-3 Different Methods of Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Lecture series on Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures by Prof. N.Dhang, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit nptel.iitm.ac.in

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Module 3 Lecture -3 Concrete Production (Contd.)

Lecture Series on Building Materials and Construction by Dr. B. Bhattacharjee, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi. For more details on NPTEL visit nptel.iitm.ac.in

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Lec-3 Different Methods of Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Lecture series on Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures by Prof. N.Dhang, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit nptel.iitm.ac.in

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Lecture - 38 Concrete Pavement Design Indian Congress Method

Lecture Series on Introduction to Transportation Engineering by Prof. Bhargab Maitra and Prof. K. Sudhakar Reddy, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit nptel.iitm.ac.in

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Module 6 Lecture - 4 Mechanical Properties of Concrete

Lecture Series on Building Materials and Construction by Dr .B.Bhattacharjee, Department of Civil Engineering,IIT Delhi. For more details on NPTEL visit nptel.iitm.ac.in

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Antiwashout Underwater Concrete

Antiwashout underwater concrete is an underwater concrete that has improved resistance to segregation as a result of adding an antiwashout admixture. Antiwashout underwater concrete (or underwater antiwash concrete) shall have the required strength, durability, compactness, and ability to protect steel materials, and the scatter in quality shall be small. Also, the concrete shall have a workability suitable for the placing operation and shall not cause water pollution.

As in the case of ordinary concrete, antiwashout underwater concrete should have the desired strength and durability, as well as the capacity to protect steel materials from corrosion. However, when a large unit water content is needed to obtain the required fluidity, i.e. greater than 200 kg/m3, the amount of cement as determined from the water-cement ratio sometimes exceeds 400kg/m3. It is therefore necessary to thoroughly examine not only the fluidity and strength needed for the structure, but also the temperature rise due to heat of hydration and whether it is proper to use various admixtures, etc. Furthermore, since the final quality of the concrete depends not only on fluctuations in the quality of the materials and measurement errors, but also on the effects of underwater drop height, underwater flow distance, and water currents in the area of construction, consideration should also be given to these points. That is, the final quality of antiwashout underwater concrete is greatly affected by the construction conditions as well as the materials used and the mix proportion, so it is important that these factors be comprehensively considered if a structure of the required performance is to be obtained.

There are a variety of types of antiwashout admixtures, such as those based on the cellulose system and the acrylic system. Also, the degree of antiwashout property and flow property differs depending on the brand of antiwashout admixture, even though the main Ingredient may be the same.

It is thus important to comprehend the performance of the antiwashout admixture to be used using available reference materials, as well as to confirm that the required quality can be obtained by conducting tests in advance using the chosen materials.

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A Concrete Canoe?

Since the 70's civil engineeering students have built concrete canoes for competition.

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Sprucing Up Imprinted Concrete Driveways

An imprinted concrete driveway adds aesthetic value to your property. It helps you to revamp your home and gardens. The driveways are the first and foremost thing that catches the attention of the visitors.
There are many types of driveways such as asphalt, gravel, tarmac, cobblestone, etc. But the most predominant among these is imprinted concrete driveways. These are by far the superior driveways available today largely because of the fact that it is versatile and durable.

Most of the people tend to think that their job is done by effectively installing the imprinted driveways, but it is totally fallacious. Apart from its installation, maintenance is also very much required and necessary. A driveway is the first thing that the visitors see when they drive by your home and if your imprinted concrete driveway is not properly maintained then it makes a very loud and negative statement about the home and its owners.

It is certainly very much a necessity to maintain the driveways in order to enhance your home's exterior beauty and avoid costly replacement. You do not need to hire anybody for the driveways maintenance and repairs. If you have the proper materials and little know-how about driveways, then you can do it yourself. In order to maintain driveways, the following points can be considered:

·The driveways must be waterproofed and sealed intermittently by using the quality product. Sealing will protect it from the freezing temperatures, sarcastic chemicals and other harmful materials.

·Any kind of cracks or holes must be patched up immediately. Extreme temperature changes and inadequate drainage system are the most common causes of cracks and holes in driveways.

·Keep the heavy vehicles such as trucks, cranes, etc off of your driveway as it is not meant to accommodate heavy vehicles.

·Pull off the weeds or bushes that grow too close to your driveways. This will cause the driveways to crumble and break down. If possible relocate the bushes or remove them completely. The weeds can be killed with the help of the herbicides.

·Clean the driveways periodically by sweeping away leaves, gravel and dust. A soapy water or a wire brush can be used to get rid of oil stains. Do not use any chemicals as it will have a damaging effect on the driveways.

The periodic inspection and maintenance of driveways is utmost necessary. Therefore, in order to add beauty and longevity to your driveway, it is very much essential that the process of its maintenance must be undertaken with proper care and attention.

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Why Imprinted Concrete Driveways Are Better

A driveway is one of the most visible part of your home. A concrete is used most often for preparing driveways because it offers unbeatable durability but it is also very aesthetically pleasing. It is truly an unrivaled choice for today's driveways requirements.

Driveways can always make a home look better, aside from the obvious reason that they could add extra space to your property and protect your vehicles. There are many types of driveways such as asphalt, cobblestone, tarmac or brick. Among them, imprinted concrete driveways have grown to be more popular. These are by far the best and superior driveways on the market place that require minimal maintenance that last for a lifetime. Also, you can add many effects like the slate, granite, flags, block pavers, cobbles etc, improving on the overall looks of the entire home adding great value.

These are made of cement and other materials like fly ash and slag cement and chemical admixtures can be one of the best choices for driveways as these driveways can stay hard and strong for the long periods. One of the significant advantage of imprinted driveways is that it is versatile and durable. You can also choose almost any way to seal and finish your driveway in order to coordinate with rest of your landscape.

These are very durable. Depending on the quality of workmanship and material used, these could last longer than asphalt, which are usually replaced every ten years. You would only need to do minor repairs every couple of years and your way will always look new. Maintaining them is not at all difficult. Any stains caused by car oils can be cleaned easily with soap and water. You would not even have to worry about the growth of fungi and moss because they do not attract them. It lends itself to a wide variety of design option, which can make a dramatic difference in home landscaping plans, as well as enhance property values. In addition to the traditional look, these can have the decorative appearance, feel, and color of brick, tile, slate, or stone.

There is also another type known as pattern imprinted , which is the only maintenance free driveway surface available. It is resistant to dirt, weed growth, moss, algae, staining from oil and other fluids and will not fade in sunlight. Also it is laid on a solid four inch sub-base so will not sink or crack. Nowadays, decorative imprinted concrete driveways are also available with which you can certainly build or remodel your home, office, landscape, patio, pool and any other type of structure. Also, Now days mixing with Pattern stamping has become very exotic way to provide a new design.

It is certainly very much important that the task of constructing driveways must be assigned to the efficient and professional driveways contractor; otherwise, you will fall in a great deal of trouble. This is because, the fact is that every reliable and competent contractor has completed jobs throughout their community that you should easily be able to drive by and have a look at their driveways work.

Hence, in order to provide your home a new look, imprinted concrete driveways have become order of the day, which are durable and thus cost less in the long run.A comparison chart on Different type of driveways will help you in choosing the right driveway for your home.

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Module 7 Lecture - 3 Durability of Concrete

Lecture Series on Building Materials and Construction by Dr .B.Bhattacharjee, Department of Civil Engineering,IIT Delhi. For more details on NPTEL visit nptel.iitm.ac.in

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Module 9 Lecture -3 Mix Design Of Concrete: British

Lecture Series on Building Materials and Construction by Dr. B. Bhattacharjee, Department of Civil Engineering,IIT Delhi. For more details on NPTEL visit nptel.iitm.ac.in



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Module 5 Lecture - 2 Fresh Concrete: Role of Mix Parameters

Lecture Series on Building Materials and Construction by Dr .B.Bhattacharjee, Department of Civil Engineering,IIT Delhi. For more details on NPTEL visit nptel.iitm.ac.in



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Alternate Medicine - The Trager Approach

Have you seen a crying baby stop crying when he is gently rocked in the hands of his parent. That is basically the method that is adapted in the Trager Approach to relieve stiffness in the muscles and joints except that it is more complicated than the simple rocking of a child to sleep.

The Trager Approach, as it is known, was developed by Dr. Milton Trager, M.D. somewhere around 1926 when he was 18 years of age. The discovery was opportune and Dr. Trager spent the next 50 years of his life expanding and developing this technique after getting his M.D. in his early forties. Milton was born in 1908 with a spinal deformity and a weak and sickly body which he overcame with practice and patience to build it to an athletic and graceful body of a gymnast. He began to practice his technique on his father and his friends and, astounded with the results, began a lifetime of exploration to perfect his technique. People with painful backs, polio, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, asthma and emphysema all responded with benefits ranging from greater ease to the miraculous.

Dr. Milton first taught his technique to Betty Fuller, whose severe neck problem he cured. They together founded the Trager Institute in 1980 and after sometime established a certification program to train and certify people.

The Trager Approach is an innovative one to movement education and broadly speaking it resembles "Bodywork", since the client's movements are manipulated and directed with hands-on cues and directions. On the other hand, the technique is more precisely defined. No lotion or oil is used. Rocking motions, light bounces, elongations and compressions are conveyed in a gentle and pleasurable way that the patient in reality experiences the possibility of moving every part of his or her body gracefully, effortlessly and freely by themselves.

There are two features to this approach. One is the passive one and the other is the active one. The first is generally called the "tablework" and the other "Mentastics". The technique utilizes natural, gentle and non-intrusive movements to release unwanted physical and mental patterns to increase mental clarity, physical mobility and deep relaxation. In the Trager Approach, the basic aim is a form of neuro-muscular reeducation called "Reflex Response"; the reawaking and/or developing new coordinated movements where neurological connections were damaged, dormant or even deadened. Reflex Response is utilized to stimulate the protective spinal reflexes of the body in a paralyzed or frozen limb.

A Trager session usually lasts from an hour to an hour and a half. The tablework session consists of the patient lying on a padded table and the practitioner moves the patient in natural moves, the way they naturally move. The quality of the movement and touch is such that the patient receiving the treatment experiences a feeling of moving freely and effortlessly. No force is used so that the patient does not feel any discomfort or pain.

This tablework is reinforced and maintained by Mentastics. The patient is taught active self induced movements which are simple to perform and the patient has to do these movements by himself. The benefits of the Trager Approach are cumulative and for many people Mentastics becomes an integral part of their life, helping them to relieve tension and stress.

For those people who want to encourage a growing awareness in themselves and their anatomy, the Trager Approach is invaluable. Another potent facet of this approach is the ability to understand how it feels to move easily and a feeling of deep relaxation.

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Engineering Firms

engineering can be an extremely difficult career to go into, but the people who do look forward to a challenging and rewarding career. If you have been considering a career in engineering, you may have been in contact with an engineering firm. Some types of engineering firms are environmental engineering firms or even a computer software engineering firm. There are so many different firms out there for different types of engineering that in order to find the right one for you, you really need to know which type of engineering you want to do.

What Types Of Engineering Firms Are Out There?

The easy part is actually finding a list of firms for the specific types of engineering that you might want to pursue as a career. The hardest part may be finding one that you want to use or work with. If you want to be a civil engineer, obviously, you are going to look for a civil engineering firm that will best suit your expectations.

The best thing to do is to send your resume to as many firms as possible in order to stand a better chance of getting a job that you love.

Which Country Has The Best Engineering Firms?

To say which country has the best engineering firms is a tough because engineering is everywhere. There are always problems that need solving and projects that need a lot of thought. The best thing to do is to have a look at each specific country and find some of the top firms there. In the United States, there are some of the best engineering firms in the world and because of the size of the country; the sheer scale of them is massive. It is not hard to find an engineering firm for the particular field that you are interested in, so it is just matter of finding a few and applying to them.

Should You Join An Engineering Firm Or Join A Contractor?

Engineering firms can be an extremely great way to pursue your career of being an engineer. With a contractor, it can be extremely good money, but the problem is that the work may not be as long term or it might not be guaranteed all of the time. This can be extremely worrying if you have to pay bills, but then it is a matter of weighing the options and choosing a method that suits you the most.

Working as an engineer can be fun, challenging and rewarding. But to know which firm to apply for, you have to first know what type of engineering you want to do.

Civil Engineering Overview Construction Survey

Lec-19 Laminar and Turbulent Flows

Lecture Series on Fluid Mechanics by Prof. TIEldho Dept. of Civil Engineering IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit nptel.iitm.ac.in



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Water and Structure Reclamation Civil Engineering

Lec-35 Exit Taxiway

Lecture Series on Transportation Engineering - II by Dr.Rajat Rastogi, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Roorkee. For more details on NPTEL visit nptel.iitm.ac.in



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An Introduction to Polycarboxylates Concrete Admixtures

concrete Admixture is one ingredient of concrete that is added to the mix before or during mixing to modify concrete properties. Concrete admixture are used to modify the properties of fresh and hardened concrete in order to achieve the desired objectives or purpose of the concrete mixture. It is also used for economic purpose when admixture allows reduction of concrete ingredients proportions or permits saving in construction practices. Concrete admixtures have their history for hundred of years. The latest generation is polycarboxylates or polymer based admixture.

Polycarboxylates or polymer based concrete admixtures are High Range Water Reducing admixture (HRWR) or we can also say "Ultra" High Range Water Reducer. Used at low dosage, polycarboxylates admixtures still can reduce water as much as high dosage of conventional admixtures.Used at higher dosage, polycarboxylates admixtures can produce Self Compacting Concrete SCC (concrete with very high flowability but still with good cohesion). Because of their strong water reduction capacity, they are particularly designed for production of High Strength Concrete.Polycarboxylates HRWR mode of action is based on steric hindrance, this means particle separation due to long polymer molecules.

Polycarboxylates or polymer basedadmixtures like any newest generation admixtures are expensive products compared to traditional admixtures (Melamine, Naphtalene or lignosulfonates based) but their performances (even at low dosage rate) can allow cement reduction which could make the mix more cost effective.For lower grades of concrete (lower than 40 MPa on cylinder samples), conventional admixtures are still generally the best solution (especially economically). Use of Polycarboxylate admixturesin RMC (ready-mix-concrete) is normally less required than in Precast concrete because of generally lower concrete grades. This admixture type is very suitable for underwater anti-washout concrete.

Civil Engineering

What is the Average Engineering Salary?

The common belief is that becoming an engineer is one of the best ways to put one's life in the right direction, and if you see the average engineering salary today, you will certainly believe in the truth of it. Most engineers make money on par with doctors, surgeons and lawyers, which are some of the most lucrative professions in the world today. However, there is a lot of variation in what one can earn based on the particular engineering stream that the professional belongs to.

Here we shall take a look at different kinds of engineering salaries.

Petroleum Engineer

A petroleum engineer holds an important position, in that this engineer needs to help find the right places where petroleum can be mined from, secure the methods in which that can be done and then suggest ideas and means on how to refine petroleum into its various useful components. The job requires a lot of expertise and it is not surprising that a petroleum engineer is among the highest paid engineers in the world today. The highest salary that an experienced petroleum engineer can draw is in the vicinity of $150,000 a year, while even someone who is starting out here can draw around $60,000 a year.

Software engineers

Software engineering is fast emerging as one of the most highly-paid engineering professions in the world today. These are people who devise software applications, a dire need in today's times. They have a high demand in companies around the world and are almost always absorbed with high salaries. There are more than 350,000 software engineer jobs available in the US alone right now, which makes this quite a profession to consider. Even a starting professional in this field could earn a salary of over $70,000 a year.

Civil engineers

Civil engineers are people who plan for the designing and maintenance of construction work. They deal with all kinds of construction, commercial and residential. It is a highly demanding job which also carries a lot of responsibility-a civil engineering job gone wrong could mean loss of hundreds, or perhaps more, of lives. However, if you have a penchant for it, you could do well. And with a starting salary of more than $60,000 a year, a civil engineer is definitely well-compensated.

Mechanical Engineers

Mechanical engineers are people who design any kind of machine, whether it is as small as an automated CD storage rack or as huge as an electric crane. Companies are perennially needing mechanical engineers and hence these people always find jobs. The starting mechanical engineering salary is somewhere between $50,000 and $70,000, depending on the complexity and the risk factor of the job involved, and it can go on up to three times as much, which happens when the engineer gains some experience in the chosen line of work.

Agricultural Engineers

Agricultural engineers are basically engineers who invent, develop and implement new methods for agriculture. However, theirs is not a very highly-paid job. These are among the lowest-paid engineers in the world today. A qualified and experienced agricultural engineer would make around $90,000 a year, while someone who is starting out would be placed at not more than $40,000 a year.

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Systems Manager Jobs | Civil Engineer Contractor | Melbourne

Systems Manager Job with a Major Civil Engineering Contractor based in Melbourne. The role will see you managing Quality, Safety and Enviro. You will need to have large civil infrastructure experience and exposure. Contact Matthew Bayne on 03 9685 7515 or email matthew.bayne@consultive.com.au www.consultive.com.au



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Water and Structure

Lecture 19 - Water Resources Engineering

Lecture Series on Water Resources Engineering by Prof. Rajesh Srivastava, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Kanpur For more details on NPTEL visit nptel.iitm.ac.in



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